Business Law - Cassis de Dijon - 1124 Words

â€Å"Without the Cassis de Dijon decision, the EU internal market would never have become a reality†. Discuss this proposition. To fully understand and discuss the statement above, the two key things that need to be understood are what the Cassis de Dijon is and what the EU internal market is. The EU internal market comprises the territories of all EU Member States. The aim was, and is to create an area for the application of the 4 fundamental freedoms; the free movement of goods, persons, services, and capital. The free movement of goods is a prerequisite for the proper functioning of the EU’s internal market. Significant relaxation was achieved by eliminating tariff barriers that were preventing the further development in various†¦show more content†¦This means abolishing all internal barriers to trade and establish a common external tariff throughout the European Community. As a result of the decision, the European Court of Justice called for the removal of tariff barriers and called for the free movement and circulation of trade. Within time, the internal market has proved to the beneficial to citizens and entrepreneurs alike and has resulted in a significant rise in mutual trade amongst the members of the European Community. If the Cassis de Dijon decision did not occur, the progress of the EU internal market would not have been so fast. This is because it gave a new impetus to the harmonisation process, which led to the declaration by the Commission that it would concentrate on steps for the harmonisation of national laws which could still affect inter-state trade. The principle of freedom of movement of goods has been described as a fundamental freedom, the corner-stone of the Community. For most Member States the opportunity of access for their goods to a single market was the primary reason for membership. The aim of the free movement was to create a single market, free of all internal restrictions on trade, based on a system of free competition. The free play of market forces within that larger market would increase economic efficiency, widen consumer choice, and enhance the competitiveness of the Community in world markets. I believe thatShow MoreRelatedEuropean Court of Justice3080 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction: We have chosen to write this assignment on the European Court of Justice (ECJ), looking into its role in the European integration process, and how its rulings and judgments have affected the business framework. We will also be looking into the effects of its rulings on state sovereignty, and how in some cases its rulings have limited states power over certain policy areas and handed them to the European Union. We will start by looking at the radical jurisprudence of the EuropeanRead MoreThe European Court Of Justice1932 Words   |  8 Pagesmainly been reactive to legislative policy. Once considered a relatively weak Court, the Court is now seen by some scholars as â€Å"an uncontrolled authority generating law directly applicable in Common Market member states and applying not only to EEC enterprises but also to those established outside the community, as long as they have business interests within it.† A review of the literature reveals that, over the years, the European Court of Justice has furthered European integration by harmonizingRead MoreThe Free Movement Of Goods1650 Words   |  7 Pageson balanced economic growth and price stability, a highly competitive social market economy†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Internal market is a single market that free movement of goods, persons, capital is assured, and in which citizens are free to live, work, study and do business. Goods mean an ything capable of money valuation and of being the object of commercial transaction as per Commission v Italy . For free movement of goods, it is divided into fiscal barriers and non-fiscal barriers. Fiscal barriers simply mean thatRead MoreThe Court Of Justice Of The European Union ( Cjeu )1473 Words   |  6 Pagesphrase—â€Å"measures having equivalent effect† (MEEs) (to Quantitative Restrictions on imports)—is the phrase in the article which has given rise to so much political controversy and debate, both within the CJEU and also amongst academics in the field of EU law. Even ‘quantitative restriction’ (QR), the scope of which concept the rest of the Article appears to hang on, is not explicitly (or, in fact, at all: not even with the standard ‘QRs include†¦[non exhaustive list]†¦) defined in the Treaty, but the CJEURead MorePest Analysis of an Educational Institution19905 Words   |  80 Pages/ Hummel C (2009) E-How Money: â€Å"What Is the Difference Between Trade Surplus amp; Trade Deficit?† [Online] available on http://www.ehow.com/info_8764406_difference-trade-surplus-trade-deficit.html Task 5 Anon (N.D.) Reference for Business: â€Å"Foreign Exchange† [Online] available on http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/encyclopedia/For-Gol/Foreign-Exchange.html - Accessed 14 March 2013 Anon (2011) Gocurreny.com: â€Å"Why currency rates move?† [Online] available on http://www.gocurrencyRead MoreInternational Business Essay Questions6472 Words   |  26 PagesInternational Business – Essay Questions 1. Gini Coefficient: The gini index is a measure of statistical dispersion, a measure of the inequality of a distribution, 0 being total equality and a value of 1 maximal inequality. It is most commonly used in economics to assess the inequality of wealth or income, but is also used in other fields such as health, science, ecology, chemistry and engineering. Gini coefficients range from 0.23 (Sweden) to 0.70 (Namibia), but not every country has been assessed

Essay about Person Environment -Correspondence Counseling

Person-Environment-Correspondence Counseling Freya Cooper-Richardson Troy University-Phenix City Vocational Psychology and Career Development PSY 6635 Dr. Thomas Peavy April 01, 2011 Person-Environment-Correspondence Counseling The concept of person-environment fit (P-E fit) is central to research in organizational behavior, organizational psychology, and human resource management (Dawis Lofquist, 1984; Edwards, Caplan, Harrison, 1998; Holland, 1997; Kristof, 1996; Walsh, Craik Price, 2000). P-E fit has been examined in reference to various person and environment constructs, such as employee needs and work- related rewards (Dawis, 1992; Edwards Harrison, 1993; Rice, McFarlin, Bennett, 1989), employee abilities†¦show more content†¦Second, a different number of matching criteria is used in each approach: six in Holland’s theory (or eight in Roe’s, 1956) and 20 in the Theory of Work Adjustment. Third, each approach is especially useful at a different stage of the career development process (Osipow, 1990): Interest theories have typically been applied in the context of counseling and during the career decision-making process, in which th e individual has to choose an occupation that fits him or her best, whereas the Theory of Work Adjustment has been typically applied to the workplace itself, that is in choosing and adjusting to a specific job (Gati et al. 1996). The orientation of the Theory of Work Adjustment toward specific jobs is reflected in the inclusion of characteristics such as coworkers, supervisors, and company policies and practices, which cannot typically be considered during the decision-making process about what occupation or training course to select (Gati et al. 1996). A reading of the P-O fit literature indicates that, in the course of its history, this literature initially focused more on organizational-level outcomes, such as organizational structure, culture, and effectiveness (Schneider et al., 2001), and later focused on theShow MoreRelatedTrait Factor Essay1232 Words   |  5 PagesTrait- Factor (Parsons) As a person, my qualities involve empathy, sympathy, compassion, and caring for those in hardship. Through my upbringing, I took an interest aiding to animals, such for dogs, cats, and fish, who were neglected. At age ten-years-old, I rescued an orange cat by the name of Ginger. Ginger became the best furry friend, as a result animal rescue became my life calling. Since, I was/am caring and loving, I explored professions relating to aiding others. According to Parsons, toRead MoreThe History and Development of Assessment and Evaulation761 Words   |  3 Pagesdevelopment of â€Å"Assessment and Evaluation† and how it is very important for the counseling profession. As we will later reasd in this essay, assessment and evaluation are two terms with different definitions and sometimes is used as the same word, but in counseling they are used together. Then we will discuss about â€Å"The role of Assessment in Counseling†, this is an important topic because assessment is a n integral part of counseling, therefore practicioners should be competent in this area. Read MoreHolland Theory and Application1324 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Holland made his mark from 1953-1556 while working at Vocational Counseling Service in Perry Point Veterans Hospital followed by his work as the Director of Research for the National Merit Scholarship Corporation. His work at these two organizations leads to the first edition of Vocational Preference Inventory. 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In the past, school administrators and teachers were only able to communicate in person, through written correspondence, or by telephone. The technological advancements of the 21st century provide school faculty with the opportunity to connect with others using a plethora of communication methods, but the first step to conducting an Organizational CommunicationRead MoreRole of Distance Education to Impart the Higher Education in Assam4184 Words   |  17 Pagessemester system in under graduate level in Assam creates several problems such as a huge enrollment press ure, maintenance student-teacher ratio, physical-infrastructure etc. Introduction of distance and open learning system with various tools like counseling programmes, on-line class room facilities, comprehensive study-materials etc, makes the education system cost effective and provides education in the door steps of the stakeholders. 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The Gym Is Located On E Law Lane Essay - 1591 Words

The group I chose to study was people that played basketball in the SRSC. The gym is located on E Law Lane. For the most part, I only saw males playing basketball in the rooms with the basketball courts in them so, that group was who I chose to focus on. I ended up asking close to 10 people if they would be willing to be interviewed about the sport but, most of them had schedule conflicts or didn’t want to take part in it. Once I found a willing participant who was eager to talk about his experience with playing basketball, the interviews proceeded from there. After the interviews were conducted, I was able to take time and reflect on many different aspects within them. Personally, I believe that one of the most important things that came out of the interviews is what I was able to take away as an outsider. As I listened to my interviewee during the first interview, I was able to gather that the importance of the sport varies from person to person. During his freshman year, he always played in his free time at the SRSC or at â€Å"Compton† – the basketball court that is closest to the Wright Quadrangle. Also, one of the points he made was that he even considered trying out for the IU basketball team. Though he still plays at the SRSC when he can, it was later explained that now that he is working instead of going to school, basketball has dwindled down on his list of priorities. It was a sport that he enjoyed and put a lot of effort into in high school that he now describesShow MoreRelatedEssay about C2294807 Words   |  20 Pagesdivided 53% female and 47% male (Profile: Bibb County, 2015). In 2012, there were 60,295 households with an average of two persons per household (Profile: Bibb County, 2015). The dwellings were rented (41%) or owned (49%) by residents and are located in both urban/suburban areas (81%) and rural areas (14%) (Profile: Bibb County, 2015). 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Broad And Narrow View Of Corporate Social Responsibility

Questions: 1. Discuss your position in relation to the CSR debate i.e. do you favour the broad or the narrow view? Imagine yourself after graduating. You are the CEO of a large company and have adopted your chosen view. How would your approach affect society? 2.Use ethical theory to defend your position. An effective way to do this is to: a. Choose an ethical theory to apply to the broad or narrow view. b. Briefly outline the theory to demonstrate your understanding of it. c. Apply it to the issue (HINT: Its easier to apply it to the concept of one view or another, rather than to specific arguments for/against one side). Justify any assumptions that you make. d. When you have applied the theory, make a clear statement regarding whether or not your application of theory finds your chosen view ethical. Answers : 1. Broad and narrow view Rules related to corporate social responsibility for companies differs and it depends upon various factors. The process for using the profit earned by the company has to be decided in an exclusive manner. In this case, the values are imposed by analysing the factors that can impact the profit earning margin for the company. Here, strategy plans are prepared to find the factors that can be used for the purpose of providing better benefits to the clients or the society. In this case, the broad view for the CSR is related to the business and other market trends that are not regulated by the federal authorities. The changes that are intended to be implemented by the business houses usually revolve around the positive attitude. This has been done with an intention of developing and implementing proper changes that is required for making the changes that will benefit the system. In the broader view the social factors that are related to the consistency of the earning level is also decided by the authorities. This has been done with an intention of providing maximum benefits to the users or the community. However, in this case, it is necessary for the leaders to develop effective stages through which the changes can be implemented in an effective manner. In this process the benefits that would be rendered to the stakeholders and others who are associated with the organization has to be analysed in the right manner. This will help in providing the best services to the clients and the community. In the broader sense the responsibility of the stakeholders and the company are analysed. It is necessary to ensure that the plan that has been prepared for providing quality services to the clients, the performance and the profit earning margin of the company is not impacted. If this happens then the task that has been proposed to be performed by the company wouldnt provide any benefits In the narrow view the benefits are associated with the organization or particular aspects. This is one of the most important factors that have to be considered and analysed by the management of the company in the correct manner. If this is not done by the management in the right manner then the company wouldnt be able to reap the expected benefits that are associated with the terms. In this case, an attempt is made to ensure that there is no negative impact of the decision that has been taken by the management for introducing the changes that is required for the purpose of execution of the tasks that has been assigned to the company. The negative impact due to the CSR has to be analysed as this will help in improving the quality of services that has been intended to provide to the community or the group of people (Adam et al., 2001). The broader view for CSR is the better option, when compared to the other method. In this process, the management of the company can choose an effective strategy for providing the best possible services. In this case, it is necessary to analyse the term of benefits that will be provided to the clients. This is one of the most important factors that will be helpful in rendering quality services to the people of the community. Apart from this, the type of benefits that needs to be provided to the clients has to be provided as this will help in reducing any sort of inequality that can affect the performance or the tasks that has been planned to be provided by the company. Some of the issues that are related to this process like capitalism, economic view, and other factors have to be analysed in the right manner. This will help in drafting and providing the best possible solution through which the quality of services can be improved for the clients. Unlike the narrow view, where the CSR aims for increasing the benefits that would be derived by the company broader view works on a different tangent. In this method, the benefits and the plans to provide the same has been provided to the organizations or others agencies. An attempt is made to ensure that there is no harm caused to the stakeholders, which is one of the most important factors. This is not the case, with the rules that has been formed and implemented under the narrow point of view. Here, the authorities or the management of the company basically concentrate on finding different ways through which the company would benefit (Alder et al., 2008). 2. (a) Ethical theories The theories for CSR play an important role for improving the quality of services that has been proposed to be provided to the clients. Some of the theories are related to economic, legal factors, and ethical practices. These factors are quite important and help the management of the company in deciding the better methods through which the quality of services can be improved by the companies (Bartlett, 2003). 2. (b) features of the theories In the economic factor, the management basically concentrates on adopting the better methods through which money can be generated for the company. In the legal factors, the rules and regulations that are framed by the authorities are drafted and implemented by the management. This has been done with an intention of reducing the errors and other issues that can affect the performance of the company. In the ethical practices an attempt is made to ensure that the right methods are followed for the purpose of execution of the tasks that has been decided by the company. In this case, the ethical factors are discussed and implemented by the management in the right manner, as this will enable the company to do the right thing (Bowie, 2002). 2. (c) Theories and its applications It is necessary to adopt and implement the right strategies for applying the theories that is related to CSR. In the economic factors, the managers or the authorities need to ensure that the right method is adopted and implemented for making the changes. The issues faced by the organization at the time of implication of the strategies for CSR has to be analysed. In this method, the step that needs to be followed by the company has to be communicated with the concerned departments or organization. This will help in accomplishing the task that is related to CSR in the best possible manner. Apart from this the theory needs to be applied in the precise manner, as this will hep the company to solve the challenges that are faced by the individuals. In this case, the application for the theory has to be analysed and implemented in the right manner, as the performance related to the CSR has to be done in an accurate manner (Chun, 2005). 2. (d) Application The theory needs to be applied in an effective manner as this will improve the quality of the services that has been proposed to be rendered through CSR. In the ethical factors, the company needs to adopt and implement strategies that will improve the level of confidence amongst the members. In this case, the information has to be shared with the concerned authorities as this will help in accomplish the task in the best possible manner. Apart from this, the step that needs to be followed for accomplishing the task has to be done in the right method. This will increase the confidence in the performance and ethically the steps will be followed for accomplishing the task. This is one of the most important tasks that need to be performed and implemented by the company (Collins, and Wray, 2005). Conclusion The CSR is one of the most important aspects that contribute towards the successful business operations. In this case, the challenge that is faced by the company has to be analysed and implemented in the right manner. It is also necessary to apply the method in the right process, as this will help in improving the quality of services that has been proposed to be rendered to the society and the community. In this method, the issues faced by the company at the time of implementing the changes are necessary to be analysed. The corrective steps have to be taken for implementing the changes that will help in the business development. References Adams, J.S, Tashchian, A. and Shore, T.H.2001.Codes of Ethics as Signals for Ethical Behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 29,199-211. Alder, G.S., Schminke, M., Noel, T.W., and Kuenzi, M.2008.Employee Reactions to Internet Monitoring: The Moderating Role of Ethical Orientation Journal of Business Ethics, 80:481-498. Bartlett, D.2003. Management and Business Ethics: A Critique and Integration of Ethical Decision-Making Models. British Journal of Management, 14, 223-235. Bowie, N.E. 2002.A Kantian Approach to business Ethics. in Frederick, R.E. A Companion to Business Ethics, Blackwell, UK Chun, R. 2005. Ethical Character and Virtue of Organizations: An Empirical Assessment and Strategic Implications. Journal of Business Ethics, 57,269-284. Collins, H., and Wray-Bliss, E. 2005. Discriminating Ethics. Human Relations, 58:799-824.